PLC与电气回路的接口，是通过输入输出部分（I/O）完成的。I/O模块集成了PLC的I/O电路，其输入暂存器反映输入信号状态，输出点反映输出锁存器状态。输入模块将电信号变换成数字信号进入PLC系统，输出模块相反。I/O分为开关量输入（DI），开关量输出（DO），模拟量输入（AI），模拟量输出（AO）等模块。 

  常用的I/O分类如下： 

  开关量：按电压水平分，有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC，按隔离方式分，有继电器隔离和晶体管隔离。 

  模拟量：按信号类型分，有电流型（4-20mA,0-20mA）、电压型（0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V）等，按精度分，有12bit,14bit,16bit等。 

  除了上述通用IO外，还有特殊IO模块，如热电阻、热电偶、脉冲等模块。 

  按I/O点数确定模块规格及数量，I/O模块可多可少，但其最大数受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力，即受最大的底板或机架槽数限制。 

PLC基于电子计算机，但并不等同于普通计算机。普遍计算机进行入出信息变换，多只考虑信息本身，信息的入出，只要人机界面好就可以了。而PLC则还要考虑信息入出的可靠性、实时性，以及信息的使用等问题。特别要考虑怎么适应于工业环境，如便于安装，抗干扰等问题。

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