个人计算机（简称PC）发展起来后，为了方便，也为了反映可编程控制器的功能特点，可编程序控制器定名为Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）。 

  上世纪80年代至90年代中期，是PLC发展最快的时期，年增长率一直保持为30~40%。在这时期，PLC在处理模拟量能力、数字运算能力、人机接口能力和网络能力得到大幅度提高，PLC逐渐进入过程控制领域，在某些应用上取代了在过程控制领域处于统治地位的DCS系统。 

  PLC具有通用性强、使用方便、适应面广、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、编程简单等特点。PLC在工业自动化控制特别是顺序控制中的地位，在可预见的将来，是无法取代的。

PLC与电气回路的接口，是通过输入输出部分（I/O）完成的。I/O模块集成了PLC的I/O电路，其输入暂存器反映输入信号状态，输出点反映输出锁存器状态。输入模块将电信号变换成数字信号进入PLC系统，输出模块相反。I/O分为开关量输入（DI），开关量输出（DO），模拟量输入（AI），模拟量输出（AO）等模块。 

  常用的I/O分类如下： 

  开关量：按电压水平分，有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC，按隔离方式分，有继电器隔离和晶体管隔离。 

  模拟量：按信号类型分，有电流型（4-20mA,0-20mA）、电压型（0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V）等，按精度分，有12bit,14bit,16bit等。 

  除了上述通用IO外，还有特殊IO模块，如热电阻、热电偶、脉冲等模块。 

  按I/O点数确定模块规格及数量，I/O模块可多可少，但其最大数受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力，即受最大的底板或机架槽数限制。 

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326799-03 HEIDENHAIN CORP LINEAR SCALE READ Head LS623 

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18.5" Heidenhain DRO LS704 Scale LS 704 Cable Readout 

18.5" Heidenhain Scale Control LS 704 320mm 263 380 03

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HEIDENHAIN CORP EXE 611 INTERPULATION BOX SIGN WAVE TO SQUARE WAVE

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